SSDI vs SSI: What’s the Difference and Which Program Is Right for You?

Mark J. Keller, Esq
Oct 7
4 min read

Stethoscope on chalkboard with "Social Security Disability Benefits" text, beside medical images and microscope, suggesting healthcare theme.

When people think about Social Security Disability benefits, two programs come up again and again: SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) and SSI (Supplemental Security Income). They may sound similar, but the eligibility rules, benefits, and requirements are very different. Many New Yorkers who come to us are confused about which program they should apply for—and making the wrong choice can lead to wasted time, delays, and denied claims. Understanding these two programs can help you take the right steps and protect your access to benefits.

What Is SSDI?

SSDI is a program designed for people who have worked and paid into the Social Security system through payroll taxes. Every paycheck that shows a FICA deduction is contributing to your eligibility for future SSDI benefits.

To qualify for SSDI: - You must have earned enough work credits. These credits are based on both your age and how long you worked. Younger applicants need fewer credits, while older applicants need more. - You must have a medical condition that meets the Social Security Administration’s strict definition of disability. This means the condition must be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. - Your condition must prevent you from performing “substantial gainful activity,” which is a legal term meaning you cannot earn more than a certain monthly amount (in 2025, $1,550 for non-blind applicants).

Benefits of SSDI: - Monthly payments based on your lifetime earnings, not financial need. - Healthcare coverage: After two years on SSDI, you qualify for Medicare. - Family benefits: Spouses and dependent children may also qualify for auxiliary benefits.

What Is SSI?

SSI is very different because it is a needs-based program. It is meant to protect people who are disabled, blind, or over 65 with very limited income and resources. Unlike SSDI, it does not matter whether you’ve worked in the past—eligibility is based on your financial situation and disability status.

To qualify for SSI: - You must meet the SSA’s definition of disability (or be age 65+). - You must have very limited income (wages, pensions, or other benefits can reduce your eligibility). - Your assets must be below certain limits (generally $2,000 for an individual or $3,000 for a couple, with some exclusions like your home and one vehicle).

Benefits of SSI: - Monthly cash assistance for basic living expenses such as food, rent, and clothing. - Healthcare coverage: In New York, SSI recipients are automatically eligible for Medicaid, which often covers more services than Medicare. - No work history required, making SSI a critical program for children, young adults, or people who could not work enough to earn SSDI credits.

Key Differences Between SSDI and SSI

While both programs are administered by the Social Security Administration, they serve very different groups of people.

Work History: SSDI requires work credits; SSI does not.
Income and Assets: SSI is strictly means-tested. SSDI is based on your past work and earnings, regardless of your current assets.
Healthcare: SSDI leads to Medicare (after 24 months). SSI grants Medicaid immediately in New York.
Payment Amounts: SSDI payments are typically higher because they are based on earnings history, while SSI provides a fixed federal benefit with some state supplements.
Family Benefits: SSDI may extend to spouses and children. SSI does not.

Can You Qualify for Both?

Yes. In some cases, applicants may qualify for concurrent benefits, meaning they receive both SSDI and SSI at the same time. This usually happens when: - A person qualifies for SSDI but receives a very small monthly payment due to limited work history. - Their income and resources are low enough to also meet SSI requirements.

Concurrent benefits can maximize both cash payments and access to healthcare programs.

Common Misconceptions About SSDI and SSI

Many applicants mistakenly believe: - “I’ve worked a little, so I should qualify for SSDI.” In reality, the number of work credits required depends on your age, and many people do not meet the minimum. - “I don’t qualify for SSI because I own a car or small home.” In truth, the SSA excludes certain resources like your primary residence and one vehicle. - “If I’m denied once, it’s over.” Most claims are denied the first time. Appeals are where many people finally win their case.

How an Attorney Strengthens Your Claim

The Social Security Disability system is complicated, and small mistakes can derail your claim. The SSA denies most first-time applications—sometimes because of missing medical evidence, incomplete forms, or technical errors. An experienced attorney can: - Collect and present the strongest medical evidence. - Represent you in hearings before Administrative Law Judges. - File appeals quickly to protect your deadlines. - Take your case to federal court if necessary.

Attorney Mark J. Keller has 35+ years of experience and has recovered more than $25 million for clients in New York who were unable to work due to serious medical or psychiatric conditions. His experience with both SSD and SSI claims means he knows how to position your case for the best chance of success.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to get a decision on SSDI or SSI?

The timeline varies. Initial applications may take three to six months, while appeals can take much longer. Having a lawyer helps reduce unnecessary delays.

Can I apply for both SSDI and SSI at the same time?

Yes. If you meet the work credit requirements for SSDI but have limited income and assets, you may qualify for both programs (concurrent benefits).

What happens if I miss the 60-day appeal deadline?

Missing the appeal window can mean starting over with a new application. In limited cases, you may request an extension if you can show good cause.

Take Action Today

Deadlines are short—appeals generally must be filed within 60 days of receiving your denial letter. Don’t risk losing your chance at benefits by waiting too long.